ABSTRACT
Background: The most common malignancy in the urinary system has been bladder cancer and the most predominant histologic subtype has been transitional cell carcinoma [TCC]. There were many molecular risk factors, related with poor prognosis. One of these factors was expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the epidermal growth factor receptor in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and its relationship with other prognostic factors
Patients and Methods: This analytic descriptive study has performed with 61 patients with TCC of bladder after radical cystectomy whom have been hospitalized in Labbafinejad hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2007 and 2010. We have used Chi-square and t-test to analyze our data samples
Results: Records of 61 patients have studied. Fifty three of the total samples were positive for EGFR expression [86.9%]. Fifty samples of these fifty-three belonged to men and three others were women's samples [P = 0.46]. Among the group with EGFR expression the results were as follows: 25 patients [47.2%] were 60 years old or less and 28 patients [52.8%] were older than 60 [P = 0.023], 16 patients [30.2%] had invasion to lamina properia, and the rest of them had invasion to deeper layers [P = 0.56]. For most patients we could not determine the invasion of tumoral cells into the lymph nodes [Nx] [P = 0.067]. Thirty four patients [64.2%] had not lymphovascular invasion [P = 0.44] and in forty three of patients [81.1%], perineural invasion have not seen [P = 0.23]. Finally, 36 patients [67.9%] were grade 3 [P = 0.27]
Conclusions: In this study we have concluded that most patients had EGFR positive expression. Also, except for the age, there was not any significant relation between expression of EGFR and the other prognostic factors such as, gender, invasion of the tumor into the layers, involving the lymph nodes, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and grading
ABSTRACT
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] enzyme is one of the most important enzymes with a pivotal role in the folate metabolism and DNA synthesis pathways. Single nucleotide polymorphism [SNPs] in the coding gene has been related to many medical diseases as well as diverse malignancies including the prostate cancer which is the leading cause of the cancer deaths in men and one of the major public health problems. The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between the MTHFR C677T SNP and the prostate adenocarcinoma in Iranian males attending to the Labbafi-nezhad hospital in Tehran. In this Case-control unmatched study, 67 and 75 paraffinized tissue samples were taken out of the specimens diagnosed previously as the prostatic adenocarcinoma and nodular prostatic hyperplasia for the case and control groups respectively. MTHFR C677T genotyping was done by the use of multiplex ARMS-PCR and frequencies of the alleles were compared between the case and control groups as well as calculating the deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Odds Ratio for the "T" allele regarding the prostatic carcinoma. The observed rates in the control group were not too different from that of expected from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium [P=0.407]. Frequencies of the possible genotypes were as follows: CC, 43.28% vs. 42.67%; CT, 49.25% vs. 52% and CT, 7.46% vs. 5.33% in the case and control groups respectively [P=0.85]. 1.37 times increased risk was found for the homozygote carriers of C677T variant [OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.33- 5.6; P=0.653] which is however statistically not significant. No association has been evident between the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and the risk of prostatic carcinoma in this study confirming the findings of some of the previous attempts; however, [OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.33-5.6] implies a slight effect of the homozygote on the carcinogenesis. Thus larger studies especially with a greater number of the smaples are recommended